http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Megan Katsumi While most existing work attempts to describe the network based on its physical constructs, we model the network flow and the physical infrastructure separately. The motivation for this is that the constraints on transportation flow are something that is applied to the physical infrastructure. These constraints are distinct from the physical characteristics and so should be defined separately. Although some constraints may be related, such as flow constraints imposed by the size of the lane that an arc accesses, this is a specific relationship that should be captured rather than conflating the concepts. For example, there is nothing to stop a vehicle from going the wrong way on a road, except for the flow of traffic that is imposed on the system (and these constraints may change with time). This results in the identification of two key concepts: the Transportation Network (a directed graph), and the Transportation Infrastructure (a physical feature where transportation occurs). We relate the Network and the Infrastructure by relating an Arc to a Transportation Complex (or other Road Segment) with the "accesses" property. In this way, we may define an Arc accessing various Transportation Complexes at different Levels of Detail (LOD). In this representation Nodes do not access the Transportation Infrastructure nor are they part of it in any way. Both Nodes and Arcs may have implicit locations based on the infrastructure they access, however unlike the infrastructure classes, Nodes and Arcs are not Spatial Things. A Node may have a control (e.g. a signal) with a physical presence somewhere else (traffic lights apply to one side of the intersection, but are actually located on the other side of the intersection); by separating the physical infrastructure and the network flow we are able to accurately represent this. Currently, there is no need to capture an aggregate Arc; in other words, we do not require a subArc relation. It is possible this may change as the requirements evolve. October 2017 Transportation System Ontology icity-transportation Developed as part of the overall iCity ontology effort, the iCity-TransportationSystem ontology is designed to capture concepts related to the transportation system. Changes from previous version: -Added Link and LinkPD classes to serve as “containers” for multiple arcs (e.g. vehicle lanes, bicycle lanes, walkways); introduced some additional properties and changed the mode of an Arc from an invariant to variant property. -Associated location coordinates with the Node class. -Extended to capture sensors such as loop detectors via SSN ontology Copyright @ 2016 Megan Katsumi, iCity Research Group http://ontology.eil.utoronto.ca/icity/TransportationSystem/1.1/ 1.2 Under development. Please see report on iCity Ontology v1.2 Annotation property introduced for organization purposes, to identify annotation properties defined in the Units of Measure Ontology. nD Lat Lon Added for organizational purposes to group properties defined in the Change Ontology. Objects (e.g. perdurants and their manifestations) exist at some time interval or time point. Created for organizational purposes, to identify properties defined in the Mereology ontology. Something may be a Component of some other thing More specifically, something may be a immediate component of something; in other words, if x is an immediate component of y, then there does not exist any other object that is a component of y and has x as a component. Component-of is transitive. Immediate component-of is not transitive. Immediate component-of is a subproperty of component-of. Something may be contained-in some other thing; more specifically it may be immediately contained in something. Containment is transitive. Immediate containment is not transitive. Immediate containment is a subproperty of containment. Something may be a Proper Part of some other thing. An object cannot be a proper part of itself. Thus, any object must have more than one proper part. Proper Parthood is transitive. Proper parthood is dense and so there exist no immediate proper parts; in other words, given some object, whatever proper part, x, we choose, there exists some slightly larger proper part of the object that also has x as a proper part. has denominator has numerator has unit has value Created for organizational purposes, to identify the object properties imported by geoSPARQL. Describes an approximate location of some object (spatial or non-spatial). For example, a Building has an actual location (represented by it's footprint or 3d massing), but it may also have an associated location(s) of some specific point coordinate. Recurring events may not have an actual location, but may be associated with some location (at which their occurrences are likely to occur). A property intended to relate non-spatial objects (e.g. activities) to a location(s) in space. Added for organizational purposes, to identify all properties defined in the Transportation System ontology. Volume delay functions (VDFs) are defined by a combination of link functional class and adjacent land uses (which can influence roadway performance). The vdf attribute, therefore does double-duty as both the VDF index for link travel time calculations and as an indicator of link functional class. Parts of the transportation network such as nodes and arcs, but also various physical entities, may be associated with (by location or ownership) a Planning District. Parts of the transportation network such as nodes and arcs, but also various physical entities, may be associated with (by location or ownership) a Planning District. Added for organizational purposes, to capture the properties reused from Schema.org. Notice that since we cannot import schema.org we must manually reference the individual IRIs. Added for organizational purposes, to identify all properties defined in the Vehicle ontology. Relation between an Actuation and the property of a FeatureOfInterest it is acting upon. acts on property Relation between an Actuation and the property of a FeatureOfInterest it is acting upon. In the activity (Actuation) of automatically closing a window if the temperature in a room drops below 20 degrees Celsius, the property on which the Actuator acts upon is the state of the window as it changes from being open to being closed. A relation between an Observation and the entity whose quality was observed, or between an Actuation and the entity whose property was modified, or between an act of Sampling and the entity that was sampled. has feature of interest A relation between an Observation and the entity whose quality was observed, or between an Actuation and the entity whose property was modified, or between an act of Sampling and the entity that was sampled. For example, in an Observation of the weight of a person, the FeatureOfInterest is the person and the property is its weight. Relation linking an Observation or Actuation or act of Sampling and a Result or Sample. has result Relation linking an Observation or Actuation or act of Sampling and a Result or Sample. Relation between a FeatureOfInterest and the Sample used to represent it. has sample Relation between a FeatureOfInterest and the Sample used to represent it. Relation between a Platform and a Sensor, Actuator, Sampler, or Platform, hosted or mounted on it. hosts Relation between a Platform and a Sensor, Actuator, Sampler, or Platform, hosted or mounted on it. Relation between an ActuatableProperty of a FeatureOfInterest and an Actuation changing its state. is acted on by Relation between an ActuatableProperty of a FeatureOfInterest and an Actuation changing its state. In the activity (Actuation) of automatically closing a window if the temperature in a room drops below 20 degrees Celsius, the property on which the Actuator acts upon is the state of the window as it changes from being open to being closed. A relation between a FeatureOfInterest and an Observation about it, an Actuation acting on it, or an act of Sampling that sampled it. is feature of interest of A relation between a FeatureOfInterest and an Observation about it, an Actuation acting on it, or an act of Sampling that sampled it. Relation between a Sensor, Actuator, Sampler, or Platform, and the Platform that it is mounted on or hosted by. is hosted by Relation between a Sensor, Actuator, Sampler, or Platform, and the Platform that it is mounted on or hosted by. Relation between an ObservableProperty and the Sensor able to observe it. is observed by Relation between an ObservableProperty and the Sensor able to observe it. Relation linking a Result to the Observation or Actuation or act of Sampling that created or caused it. is result of Relation linking a Result to the Observation or Actuation or act of Sampling that created or caused it. Relation from a Sample to the FeatureOfInterest that it is intended to be representative of. is sample of Relation from a Sample to the FeatureOfInterest that it is intended to be representative of. Relation between an Actuator and the Actuation it has made. made actuation Relation between an Actuator and the Actuation it has made. Relation linking an Actuation to the Actuator that made that Actuation. made by actuator Relation linking an Actuation to the Actuator that made that Actuation. Relation linking an act of Sampling to the Sampler (sampling device or entity) that made it. made by sampler Relation linking an act of Sampling to the Sampler (sampling device or entity) that made it. Relation between an Observation and the Sensor which made the Observation. made by sensor Relation between an Observation and the Sensor which made the Observation. Relation between a Sensor and an Observation made by the Sensor. made observation Relation between a Sensor and an Observation made by the Sensor. Relation between a Sampler (sampling device or entity) and the Sampling act it performed. made sampling Relation between a Sampler (sampling device or entity) and the Sampling act it performed. Relation linking an Observation to the property that was observed. The ObservableProperty should be a property of the FeatureOfInterest (linked by hasFeatureOfInterest) of this Observation. observed property Relation linking an Observation to the property that was observed. The ObservableProperty should be a property of the FeatureOfInterest (linked by hasFeatureOfInterest) of this Observation. Relation between a Sensor and an ObservableProperty that it is capable of sensing. observes Relation between a Sensor and an ObservableProperty that it is capable of sensing. The time that the Result of an Observation, Actuation or Sampling applies to the FeatureOfInterest. Not necessarily the same as the resultTime. May be an Interval or an Instant, or some other compound TemporalEntity. phenomenon time The time that the Result of an Observation, Actuation or Sampling applies to the FeatureOfInterest. Not necessarily the same as the resultTime. May be an Interval or an Instant, or some other compound TemporalEntity. A relation to link to a re-usable Procedure used in making an Observation, an Actuation, or a Sample, typically through a Sensor, Actuator or Sampler. used procedure A relation to link to a re-usable Procedure used in making an Observation, an Actuation, or a Sample, typically through a Sensor, Actuator or Sampler. Relation between a Deployment and the Platform on which the Systems are deployed. deployed on platform Relation between a Deployment and the Platform on which the Systems are deployed. Relation between a Deployment and a deployed System. deployed system Relation between a Deployment and a deployed System. A relation from a Sensor to the Stimulus that the Sensor can detect. The Stimulus itself will be serving as a proxy for some ObservableProperty. detects A relation from a Sensor to the Stimulus that the Sensor detects. The Stimulus itself will be serving as a proxy for some ObservableProperty. A relation between some aspect of an entity and a Property. for property A relation between some aspect of an entity and a Property. For example, from a Sensor to the properties it can observe; from an Actuator to the properties it can act on; from a Deployment to the properties it was installed to observe or act on; from a SystemCapability to the Property the capability is described for. Relation between a System and a Deployment, recording that the System is deployed in that Deployment. has deployment Relation between a System and a Deployment, recording that the System is deployed in that Deployment. Relation between a Procedure and an Input to it. has input Relation between a Procedure and an Input to it. Relation between a Procedure and an Output of it. has output Relation between a Procedure and an Output of it. Relation between an entity and a Property of that entity. has property Relation between an entity and a Property of that entity. Relation between a System and its component parts. has subsystem Relation between a System and its component parts. Relation between a Procedure (an algorithm, procedure or method) and an entity that implements that Procedure in some executable way. implemented by Relation between a Procedure (an algorithm, procedure or method) and an entity that implements that Procedure in some executable way. For example, the relationship between a scientific measuring Procedure and a sensor that senses via that Procedure. Relation between an entity that implements a Procedure in some executable way and the Procedure (an algorithm, procedure or method). implements Relation between an entity that implements a Procedure in some executable way and the Procedure (an algorithm, procedure or method). For example, the relationship between a sensor and the scientific measuring Procedure via which it senses. Relation between a Platform and a Deployment, meaning that the deployedSystems of the Deployment are hosted on the Platform. in deployment Relation between a Platform and a Deployment, meaning that the deployedSystems of the Deployment are hosted on the Platform. For example, a relation between a buoy and a deployment of several Sensors. Relation between a Property and the entity it belongs to. is property of Relation between a Property and the entity it belongs to. A relation from a Stimulus to the Property that the Stimulus is serving as a proxy for. is proxy for A relation from a Stimulus to the Property that the Stimulus is serving as a proxy for. For example, the expansion of quicksilver is a stimulus that serves as a proxy for some temperature property. An increase or decrease in the velocity of spinning cups on a wind sensor is serving as a proxy for the wind speed. Relation between an Observation and the Stimulus that originated it. was originated by Relation between an Observation and the Stimulus that originated it. Indicates that an object is a manifestationOf the sameTimeVaryingConcept as another object. Data property introduced for organization purposes, to identify data properties defined in the Units of Measure Ontology. Created for organizational purposes, to identify data properties imported from geoSPARQL. Added for organizational purposes, to capture the data properties reused from Schema.org. Notice that since we cannot import schema.org we must manually reference the individual IRIs. The simple value of an Observation or Actuation or act of Sampling. has simple result The simple value of an Observation or Actuation or act of Sampling. For instance, the values 23 or true. The result time is the instant of time when the Observation, Actuation or Sampling activity was completed. result time The result time is the instant of time when the Observation, Actuation or Sampling activity was completed. has numerical value Just as the meter is the unit of measure for length, a gci:Cardinality_unit is the unit of measure for the size of a set. The gci:Cardinality_unit is a ratio scale: gci:Cardinality_scale, which is a subclass of om:Ratio_scale and is has a zero element (namely zero). Reused from GCI Foundation Ontology Cardinality Unit 1 1 The govstat Population is specialized for indicator use to include what defines a member of the population, the location of the population, and the time the population was measured. Reused from GCI Foundation ontology Population Measure gci:Cardinality_unit is the unit of measure for the size of a set. The gci:Cardinality_unit is a ratio scale: gci:Cardinality_scale, which is a subclass of om:Ratio_scale and is has a zero element (namely zero). 1 Reused from GCI Foundation ontology: http://ontology.eil.utoronto.ca/GCI/Foundation/GCI-Foundation-v2.owl gci:Population_size is a subclass of om:Quantity. Its om:unit_of_measure is the gci:population_cardinality_unit. It is also a subclass of gs:Cardinality which provides the cardinality_of property that links to a gs:Population. Population Size Added for organizational purposes to group the classes defined in the Change Ontology. 1 A Manifestation of some TimeVaryingConcept at a particular point/interval in time. A Manifestation exists at some Instant. The class of Manifestations is equivalent to the class of things that are manifestations of some TimeVaryingConcept - and only time varying concents - in the manifestationOf relation. A class that is subject to change is defined as a type of TimeVaryingConcept (e.g. Vehicle may be a subclass of TimeVaryingConcept). The TimeVaryingConcept itself is invariant and defined by properties that do not change over time. As per (Krieger, 2008), we view TimeVaryingConcepts as perdurants (things that occur over time, i.e. processes). A TimeVaryingConcept has Manifestations that demonstrate their changing (variant) properties over time. Different types (subclasses) of TimeVaryingConcept may be defined based on the Manifestations that are part of them. For example, VehiclePD s have manifestations that are Vehicles. A TimeVaryingConcept exists at some Interval. The class of TimeVaryingConcepts is equivalent to the class of things that have some Manifestations - and only Manifestations - in the hasManifestation relation. acceleration acceleration unit amount of money amount of money unit Area expresses the two-dimensional size of a defined part of a surface, typically a region bounded by a closed curve. It is a derived quantity in the International System of Units. Area is length squared. area area unit 1 1 1 duration function Reference systems to indicate geographic position. Length is the amount of space between two geographical points along a curve. It is a base quantity in the International System of Units and other systems of units. Length is speed times time. The metre, a base unit of length in the International System of Units, is defined in terms of speed of light during a certain time interval. length length unit Mass is the amount of matter of a phenomenon. It is a base quantity in the International System of Units. Mass is force divided by acceleration. mass mass unit measure 1 A Monetary Value has a numerical value that is relative to a particular date (year). A Monetary Value is measured with some currency. quantity ratio scale Speed is the time rate of motion measured by the distance moved over in unit time. speed speed unit In order to achieve a coherent, interdependent set of units of measure in the wide variety of units that exist, units are organised in systems of units. A system of units is based on a set of units chosen by convention to be the system’s base units, units that are considered to be mutually independent (i.e., can’t be expressed in terms of each other). system of units time time unit unit unit division An amount of money that is defined relative to a particular year. Volume is a measure of how much three-dimensional space any phenomenon occupies. It is a derived quantity in the International System of Units. Volume is length to the power 3. volume volume unit Created for organizational purposes, to identify the classes imported from geoSPARQL. Future extensions should capture this semantics in greater detail. AccessRestriction may apply to certain Vehicle types (bus, cab, eco-friendly), Vehicle properties (number of passengers), or attributes of the traveler themselves (e.g. no bicycles on transit between certain times). 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Capacity of traffic throughput for a lane (e.g. vehicles per time unit) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Nominal link capacity (per arc or lane) of traffic throughput. 1 1 1 An urban administrative division with jurisdiction over some area. We observe that the properties inMunicipality and inPlanningDistrict will likely apply to other areas of the domain (e.g. land use, building ontologies). It is likely that they will be better defined at a lower (more foundational) level within the ontology, however it is currently not clear where and how this should be done. For now, we define these properties within the Transportation Network System ontology and leave the final organization for a future iteration when the use and related concepts is more clear. 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 We observe that the properties inMunicipality and inPlanningDistrict will likely apply to other areas of the domain (e.g. land use, building ontologies). It is likely that they will be better defined at a lower (more foundational) level within the ontology, however it is currently not clear where and how this should be done. For now, we define these properties within the Transportation Network System ontology and leave the final organization for a future iteration when the use and related concepts is more clear. 1 1 1 1 Travel Time Index: a ratio of the inverse speed (travel time) to the inverse of some calculated, threshold speed (travel time). The Travel Time Index (TTI) calculated against the Maximum throughput speed (average speed at capacity). The Travel Time Index calculated against the minimum throughput speed. Added for organizational purposes, to identify all classes defined in the Transportation System ontology. Added for organizational purposes, to capture the classes reused from Schema.org. Notice that since we cannot import schema.org we must manually reference the individual IRIs. 1 1 1 A Vehicle provides a motorized means of transportation within the urban system. A Vehicle is associated with some Mode of transportation. A Vehicle has a Vintage. A Vehicle has a Manufacturer (make). There are different types (subclasses) of vehicles: Motorcycle, Sedan, Truck, Bus, Commercial Cargo Vehicle, Train,... A Vehicle has a capacity of passengers A Vehicle has a capacity of cargo A Vehicle may be occupied by at least one PersonAtT, and some cargo A Vehicle has a Speed at some point in time A Vehicle has a location at some point in time. A Vehicle is owned by some Person(s) or Firm Added for organizational purposes, to identify all classes defined in the Vehicle ontology. 1 1 A Vehicle changes over time. VehiclePD captures the entire entity of a vehicle, i.e. the "vehicle perdurant". An actuatable quality (property, characteristic) of a FeatureOfInterest. Actuatable Property An actuatable quality (property, characteristic) of a FeatureOfInterest. A window actuator acts by changing the state between a frame and a window. The ability of the window to be opened and closed is its ActuatableProperty. 1 1 1 1 1 An Actuation carries out an (Actuation) Procedure to change the state of the world using an Actuator. Actuation An Actuation carries out an (Actuation) Procedure to change the state of the world using an Actuator. The activity of automatically closing a window if the temperature in a room drops below 20 degree Celsius. The activity is the Actuation and the device that closes the window is the Actuator. The Procedure is the rule, plan, or specification that defines the conditions that triggers the Actuation, here a drop in temperature. 1 A device that is used by, or implements, an (Actuation) Procedure that changes the state of the world. Actuator A device that is used by, or implements, an (Actuation) Procedure that changes the state of the world. A window actuator for automatic window control, i.e., opening or closing the window. 1 The thing whose property is being estimated or calculated in the course of an Observation to arrive at a Result or whose property is being manipulated by an Actuator, or which is being sampled or transformed in an act of Sampling. Feature Of Interest The thing whose property is being estimated or calculated in the course of an Observation to arrive at a Result or whose property is being manipulated by an Actuator, or which is being sampled or transformed in an act of Sampling. When measuring the height of a tree, the height is the observed ObservableProperty, 20m may be the Result of the Observation, and the tree is the FeatureOfInterest. A window is a FeatureOfInterest for an automatic window control Actuator. An observable quality (property, characteristic) of a FeatureOfInterest. Observable Property An observable quality (property, characteristic) of a FeatureOfInterest. The height of a tree, the depth of a water body, or the temperature of a surface are examples of observable properties, while the value of a classic car is not (directly) observable but asserted. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Act of carrying out an (Observation) Procedure to estimate or calculate a value of a property of a FeatureOfInterest. Links to a Sensor to describe what made the Observation and how; links to an ObservableProperty to describe what the result is an estimate of, and to a FeatureOfInterest to detail what that property was associated with. Observation Act of carrying out an (Observation) Procedure to estimate or calculate a value of a property of a FeatureOfInterest. Links to a Sensor to describe what made the Observation and how; links to an ObservableProperty to describe what the result is an estimate of, and to a FeatureOfInterest to detail what that property was associated with. The activity of estimating the intensity of an Earthquake using the Mercalli intensity scale is an Observation as is measuring the moment magnitude, i.e., the energy released by said earthquake. A Platform is an entity that hosts other entities, particularly Sensors, Actuators, Samplers, and other Platforms. Platform A Platform is an entity that hosts other entities, particularly Sensors, Actuators, Samplers, and other Platforms. A post, buoy, vehicle, ship, aircraft, satellite, cell-phone, human or animal may act as platforms for (technical or biological) sensors or actuators. A workflow, protocol, plan, algorithm, or computational method specifying how to make an Observation, create a Sample, or make a change to the state of the world (via an Actuator). A Procedure is re-usable, and might be involved in many Observations, Samplings, or Actuations. It explains the steps to be carried out to arrive at reproducible results. Procedure A workflow, protocol, plan, algorithm, or computational method specifying how to make an Observation, create a Sample, or make a change to the state of the world (via an Actuator). A Procedure is re-usable, and might be involved in many Observations, Samplings, or Actuations. It explains the steps to be carried out to arrive at reproducible results. The measured wind speed differs depending on the height of the sensor above the surface, e.g., due to friction. Consequently, procedures for measuring wind speed define a standard height for anemometers above ground, typically 10m for meteorological measures and 2m in Agrometeorology. This definition of height, sensor placement, and so forth are defined by the Procedure. Many observations may be created via the same Procedure, the same way as many tables are assembled using the same instructions (as information objects, not their concrete realization). 1 The Result of an Observation, Actuation, or act of Sampling. To store an observation's simple result value one can use the hasSimpleResult property. Result The Result of an Observation, Actuation, or act of Sampling. To store an observation's simple result value one can use the hasSimpleResult property. The value 20 as the height of a certain tree together with the unit, e.g., Meter. 1 1 A Sample is the result from an act of Sampling. Feature which is intended to be representative of a FeatureOfInterest on which Observations may be made. Physical samples are sometimes known as 'specimens'. Samples are artifacts of an observational strategy, and have no significant function outside of their role in the observation process. The characteristics of the samples themselves are of little interest, except perhaps to the manager of a sampling campaign. A Sample is intended to sample some FatureOfInterest, so there is an expectation of at least one isSampleOf property. However, in some cases the identity, and even the exact type, of the sampled feature may not be known when observations are made using the sampling features. Sample Feature which is intended to be representative of a FeatureOfInterest on which Observations may be made. A 'station' is essentially an identifiable locality where a sensor system or Procedure may be deployed and an observation made. In the context of the observation model, it connotes the 'world in the vicinity of the station', so the observed properties relate to the physical medium at the station, and not to any physical artifact such as a mooring, buoy, benchmark, monument, well, etc. A statistical sample is often designed to be characteristic of an entire population, so that observations can be made regarding the sample that provide a good estimate of the properties of the population. A transient sample, such as a ships-track or flight-line, might be identified and described, but is unlikely to be revisited exactly. 1 A device that is used by, or implements, a Sampling Procedure to create or transform one or more samples. Sampler A device that is used by, or implements, a Sampling Procedure to create or transform one or more samples. A ball mill, diamond drill, hammer, hypodermic syringe and needle, image Sensor or a soil auger can all act as sampling devices (i.e., be Samplers). However, sometimes the distinction between the Sampler and the Sensor is not evident, as they are packaged as a unit. A Sampler need not be a physical device. 1 1 1 1 An act of Sampling carries out a sampling Procedure to create or transform one or more samples. Sampling An act of Sampling carries out a sampling Procedure to create or transform one or more samples. Crushing a rock sample in a ball mill. Digging a pit through a soil sequence. Dividing a field site into quadrants. Drawing blood from a patient. Drilling an observation well. Establishing a station for environmental monitoring. Registering an image of the landscape. Selecting a subset of a population. Sieving a powder to separate the subset finer than 100-mesh. Splitting a piece of drill-core to create two new samples. Taking a diamond-drill core from a rock outcrop. 1 Device, agent (including humans), or software (simulation) involved in, or implementing, a Procedure. Sensors respond to a stimulus, e.g., a change in the environment, or input data composed from the results of prior Observations, and generate a Result. Sensors can be hosted by Platforms. Sensor Device, agent (including humans), or software (simulation) involved in, or implementing, a (Sensing) Procedure. Sensors respond to a stimulus, e.g., a change in the environment, or input data composed from the results of prior Observations, and generate a Result. Sensors can be hosted by Platforms. Accelerometers, gyroscopes, barometers, magnetometers, and so forth are Sensors that are typically mounted on a modern smart phone (which acts as Platform). Other examples of sensors include the human eyes. Describes the Deployment of one or more Systems for a particular purpose. Deployment may be done on a Platform. Deployment Describes the Deployment of one or more Systems for a particular purpose. Deployment may be done on a Platform. For example, a temperature Sensor deployed on a wall, or a whole network of Sensors deployed for an Observation campaign. 1 Any information that is provided to a Procedure for its use. Input Any information that is provided to a Procedure for its use. 1 Any information that is reported from a Procedure. Output Any information that is reported from a Procedure. A quality of an entity. An aspect of an entity that is intrinsic to and cannot exist without the entity. Property A quality of an entity. An aspect of an entity that is intrinsic to and cannot exist without the entity. An event in the real world that 'triggers' the Sensor. The properties associated to the Stimulus may be different to the eventual observed ObservableProperty. It is the event, not the object, that triggers the Sensor. Stimulus An event in the real world that 'triggers' the Sensor. The properties associated to the Stimulus may be different to the eventual observed ObservableProperty. It is the event, not the object, that triggers the Sensor. System is a unit of abstraction for pieces of infrastructure that implements Procedures. A System may have components, its subsystems, which are other systems. System System is a unit of abstraction for pieces of infrastructure that implement Procedures. A System may have components, its subsystems, which are other systems. North American Datum of 1983. A geodetic reference system. World Geodetic System of 1984. The reference system used by GPS. 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