http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Megan Katsumi
Parking, specifically parking areas refer to some area that enables parking of Vehicles.
A Parking Area may contain sub-Parking Areas, the area of which may change.
A Parking Area has some Parking Policy
A Parking Area may provide car changing stations.
A Parking Area has some Location.
There are different types (subclasses) of Parking Area, such as Street Parking Area, Lot Parking Area, Garage Parking Area, Illegal Parking Area, Loading/Unloading Zone Parking Area, Accessibility Parking Area
November 7, 2017
Parking Ontology
icity-parking
Developed as part of the overall iCity ontology effort, the iCity-Parking Ontology is designed to capture concepts related to parking.
To do: extend this to capture the activity of parking.
Changes from previous version: updated foundational ontologies;
extended the classes and properties identified to capture greater detail
Copyright @ 2016 Megan Katsumi, iCity Research Group
http://ontology.eil.utoronto.ca/icity/Parking/1.1/
1.2
Under development. See report on iCity Ontology v1.
Annotation property introduced for organization purposes, to identify annotation properties defined in the Units of Measure Ontology.
nD Lat Lon
Added for organizational purposes, to identify properties defined in the Building ontology.
Added for organizational purposes, to capture the properties reused from Schema.org. Notice that since we cannot import schema.org we must manually reference the individual IRIs.
A Building is located on some parcel of land.
Added for organizational purposes to group properties defined in the Change Ontology.
Objects (e.g. perdurants and their manifestations) exist at some time interval or time point.
Created for organizational purposes, to identify properties defined in the Mereology ontology.
Something may be a Component of some other thing
More specifically, something may be a immediate component of something; in other words, if x is an immediate component of y, then there does not exist any other object that is a component of y and has x as a component.
Component-of is transitive. Immediate component-of is not transitive.
Immediate component-of is a subproperty of component-of.
Something may be contained-in some other thing; more specifically it may be immediately contained in something.
Containment is transitive. Immediate containment is not transitive.
Immediate containment is a subproperty of containment.
Something may be a Proper Part of some other thing.
An object cannot be a proper part of itself. Thus, any object must have more than one proper part.
Proper Parthood is transitive.
Proper parthood is dense and so there exist no immediate proper parts; in other words, given some object, whatever proper part, x, we choose, there exists some slightly larger proper part of the object that also has x as a proper part.
has denominator
has numerator
has unit
has value
Added for organizational purposes, to identify properties defined in the iCity-Organization ontology.
Added for organizational purposes, to identify all properties defined in the Parking ontology.
A parking area has an associated vehicle capacity. The vehicle capacity may change over time as a result of reconfiguration of parking spaces within a parking area. The capacity may be used together with occupancy information to determine whether any vacancies exist.
A Parking Area has a maximum admittable vehicle size that is restricted based on its physical characteristics (e.g. height of a parking garage, width of a parking spot).
Added for organizational purposes, to identify properties defined in the Person ontology.
Added for organizational purposes, to capture the properties reused from Schema.org. Notice that since we cannot import schema.org we must manually reference the individual IRIs.
Property added for organizational purposes only; to group all object properties defined in the recurring event ontology.
Property added for organizational purposes only; to group all object properties defined in the time ontology.
Created for organizational purposes, to identify the object properties imported by geoSPARQL.
Describes an approximate location of some object (spatial or non-spatial). For example, a Building has an actual location (represented by it's footprint or 3d massing), but it may also have an associated location(s) of some specific point coordinate. Recurring events may not have an actual location, but may be associated with some location (at which their occurrences are likely to occur).
A property intended to relate non-spatial objects (e.g. activities) to a location(s) in space.
Added for organizational purposes, to capture the properties reused from Schema.org. Notice that since we cannot import schema.org we must manually reference the individual IRIs.
Added for organizational purposes, to identify all properties defined in the Vehicle ontology.
Physical address of the item.
Date of birth.
A child of the person.
Date of death.
Gender of the person.
A parent of this person. Supersedes parents.
The person's spouse.
Indicates that an object is a manifestationOf the sameTimeVaryingConcept as another object.
Added for organizational purposes, to identify data properties defined in the Building ontology.
Data property introduced for organization purposes, to identify data properties defined in the Units of Measure Ontology.
Data property added for organizational purposes, to group data properties defined in the Parking ontology.
Indicates whether a parking policy applies (false) or not (true) on public holidays.
Note: additional rules may be possible here to identify dependencies with PH weekdays value:
A parking policy may or may not apply during public holidays. If it does not apply during public holidays, then there must exist an alternate policy that applies during public holidays.
A count of the number of spaces for disabled persons (occupied and vacant) for container vehicles (CVs) in a particular parking area (at some time).
A count of the number of spaces for disabled persons (occupied and vacant) for coach vehicles in a particular parking area (at some time).
A count of the number of spaces for disabled persons (occupied and vacant) for Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs) in a particular parking area (at some time).
A count of the number of spaces for disabled persons (occupied and vacant) for Light Goods Vehicles (LGVs) in a particular parking area (at some time).
A count of the number of spaces for disabled persons (occupied and vacant) for motorcycles in a particular parking area (at some time).
A count of the number of spaces for disabled persons (occupied and vacant) for private cars in a particular parking area (at some time).
A count of the number of EV spaces (occupied and vacant) for Container Vehicles (CVs) in a particular parking area (at some time).
A count of the number of EV spaces (occupied and vacant) for coach vehicles in a particular parking area (at some time).
A count of the number of EV spaces (occupied and vacant) for Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs) in a particular parking area (at some time).
A count of the number of EV spaces (occupied and vacant) for Light Goods Vehicles (LGVs) in a particular parking area (at some time).
A count of the number of EV spaces (occupied and vacant) for motorcycles in a particular parking area (at some time).
A count of the number of EV spaces (occupied and vacant) for private cars in a particular parking area (at some time).
A count of the number of spaces (occupied and vacant) for container vehicles (CVs) in a particular parking area (at some time).
A count of the number of spaces (occupied and vacant) for coach vehicles in a particular parking area (at some time).
A count of the number of spaces (occupied and vacant) for Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs) in a particular parking area (at some time).
A count of the number of spaces (occupied and vacant) for Light Goods Vehicles (LGVs) in a particular parking area (at some time).
A count of the number of spaces (occupied and vacant) for motorcycles in a particular parking area (at some time).
A count of the number of spaces (occupied and vacant) for private cars in a particular parking area (at some time).
A count of the number of unloading spaces (occupied and vacant) for container vehicles in a particular parking area (at some time).
A count of the number of unloading spaces (occupied and vacant) for coach vehicles in a particular parking area (at some time).
A count of the number of unloading spaces (occupied and vacant) for heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) in a particular parking area (at some time).
A count of the number of unloading spaces (occupied and vacant) for Light Goods Vehicles (LGVs) in a particular parking area (at some time).
A count of the number of unloading spaces (occupied and vacant) for motorcycles in a particular parking area (at some time).
A count of the number of unloading spaces (occupied and vacant) for private cars in a particular parking area (at some time).
Similar to the 'day' data property in owl-time, however the domain of 'day' is restricted to Generalized Date-Time Descriptions and so cannot be applied for recurring events .
Data property added for organizational purposes only; to group all data properties defined in the time ontology.
Created for organizational purposes, to identify data properties imported from geoSPARQL.
Added for organizational purposes, to capture the data properties reused from Schema.org. Notice that since we cannot import schema.org we must manually reference the individual IRIs.
has numerical value
Just as the meter is the unit of measure for length, a gci:Cardinality_unit is the unit of measure for the size of a set. The gci:Cardinality_unit is a ratio scale: gci:Cardinality_scale, which is a subclass of om:Ratio_scale and is has a zero element (namely zero).
Reused from GCI Foundation Ontology
Cardinality Unit
1
1
The govstat Population is specialized for indicator use to include what defines a member of the population, the location of the population, and the time the population was measured.
Reused from GCI Foundation ontology
Population Measure
gci:Cardinality_unit is the unit of measure for the size of a set. The gci:Cardinality_unit is a ratio scale: gci:Cardinality_scale, which is a subclass of om:Ratio_scale and is has a zero element (namely zero).
1
Reused from GCI Foundation ontology: http://ontology.eil.utoronto.ca/GCI/Foundation/GCI-Foundation-v2.owl
gci:Population_size is a subclass of om:Quantity. Its om:unit_of_measure is the gci:population_cardinality_unit. It is also a subclass of gs:Cardinality which provides the cardinality_of property that links to a gs:Population.
Population Size
1
Building: A Building is a structure with some location in the urban system. The location of the Building in space may change due to construction, but the Parcel/Lot of land it is located on cannot.
There are different types (subclasses) of buildings; House, Apartment Building, Office Building...
A Building has an owner, which may be a Persons or some Organization.
A Building has occupants, which may or may not be the same Persons or Firm who own it.
A Building has a market value.
A Building may provide some Parking.
A Building has some Location.
A Building has some height, some footprint area, and some floor area. The floor area is often greater than the footprint area as it accounts for the area of each floor of the building. However, floor area excludes unoccupied areas such as basements. These properties are considered variant as it is possible for a building to undergo construction to increase its dimensions.
A Building contains one or many units.
Added for organizational purposes, to identify classes defined in the Building ontology.
1
A Building may change over time, BuildingPD represents the entire process of some building entity (i.e. the Building perdurant).
1
BuildingUnit: A part of a Building which may be occupied by some Persons or Organization.
A BuildingUnit has a size (square footage, number of rooms)
A BuildingUnit may contain some Facilities, e.g. kitchen, bath.(Note that contain is distinct from the notion of including amenities, which may be part of the Tenure)
A BuildingUnit has an address
1
1
1
A Building Unit may change over time, BuildingUnitPD represents the entire process of some building unit entity (i.e. the Building unit perdurant).
hasManifestation some BuildingUnit and hasManifestation only BuildingUnit
Added for organizational purposes, to capture the classes reused from Schema.org. Notice that since we cannot import schema.org we must manually reference the individual IRIs.
Added for organizational purposes to group the classes defined in the Change Ontology.
1
A Manifestation of some TimeVaryingConcept at a particular point/interval in time.
A Manifestation exists at some Instant.
The class of Manifestations is equivalent to the class of things that are manifestations of some TimeVaryingConcept - and only time varying concents - in the manifestationOf relation.
A class that is subject to change is defined as a type of TimeVaryingConcept (e.g. Vehicle may be a subclass of TimeVaryingConcept). The TimeVaryingConcept itself is invariant and defined by properties that do not change over time. As per (Krieger, 2008), we view TimeVaryingConcepts as perdurants (things that occur over time, i.e. processes).
A TimeVaryingConcept has Manifestations that demonstrate their changing (variant) properties over time.
Different types (subclasses) of TimeVaryingConcept may be defined based on the Manifestations that are part of them. For example, VehiclePD s have manifestations that are Vehicles.
A TimeVaryingConcept exists at some Interval.
The class of TimeVaryingConcepts is equivalent to the class of things that have some Manifestations - and only Manifestations - in the hasManifestation relation.
1
acceleration
acceleration unit
amount of money
amount of money unit
Area expresses the two-dimensional size of a defined part of a surface, typically a region bounded by a closed curve. It is a derived quantity in the International System of Units. Area is length squared.
area
area unit
1
1
1
duration
function
Reference systems to indicate geographic position.
Length is the amount of space between two geographical points along a curve. It is a base quantity in the International System of Units and other systems of units. Length is speed times time. The metre, a base unit of length in the International System of Units, is defined in terms of speed of light during a certain time interval.
length
length unit
Mass is the amount of matter of a phenomenon. It is a base quantity in the International System of Units. Mass is force divided by acceleration.
mass
mass unit
measure
1
A Monetary Value has a numerical value that is relative to a particular date (year).
A Monetary Value is measured with some currency.
quantity
ratio
scale
Speed is the time rate of motion measured by the distance moved over in unit time.
speed
speed unit
In order to achieve a coherent, interdependent set of units of measure in the wide variety of units that exist, units are organised in systems of units. A system of units is based on a set of units chosen by convention to be the system’s base units, units that are considered to be mutually independent (i.e., can’t be expressed in terms of each other).
system of units
time
time unit
unit
unit division
An amount of money that is defined relative to a particular year.
Volume is a measure of how much three-dimensional space any phenomenon occupies. It is a derived quantity in the International System of Units. Volume is length to the power 3.
volume
volume unit
1
1
Business Establishment: A Business establishment is a physical location where a Firm conducts business.
A Business Establishment has a Location and may have an address.
1
Businesses change over time. BusinessEstablishmentPD captures the entire entity of a particular business establishment's "process".
Employee: An Firm has some Employees, whom it employs for some Occupation.
An Employee is a type of Organization Agent.
An Employee may be employed at a particular Business Establishment.
An Employee may be responsible for one or more Roles within the Organization.
An Employee is employed by some Organization, unless the Person is self-employed.
An Employee has a Wage/Salary and may work at some Location (this may be the location of the Firm, an alternate Location, or a Location that is subject to change).
1
Firm: A Firm is a type of organization.
A Firm has an address and an industry type, and some Employees.
A Firm may have a Business Establishment(s).
1
Firms change over time. FirmPD captures the entire entity of a particular firm's "process".
General Office / Clerical
Occupation: An Occupation is performed by some Person.
An Occupation has a type (e.g. sales, skilled trades)
Added for organizational purposes, to identify classes defined in the iCity-Organization ontology.
2
1
1
Organizations change over time. OrganizationPD captures the entire entity of a particular organization's "process".
Professional / Management / Technical
1
Retail Sales and Service
1
Manufacturing / Construction / Trades
1
A Parking Space reserved for users with an an accessibility parking permit.
A charger for electric vehicles is an amenity which may be provided by some parking spaces.
An EV charger has some model and is capable of charging certain classes of vehicles. There are different classes of EV chargers (standard, medium, or quick), defined based on specified attributes according to the EPD (Environmental Protection Department).
An EV charger may be available or in use by some vehicle at a given time. Future availability of an EV charger may be estimated based on the scheduled duration of a vehicle’s occupancy, and the time left to charge the vehicle.
A parking space reserved for Electric Vehicles (EVs) that equipped with a charger(s).
0
A Parking Policy with a cost of 0. Free parking policies may be applicable for the general public, or allocated to specific groups of individuals (e.g. free parking for employees or customers).
A Parking Space that is reserved for designated "green" vehicles.
1
1
Parking Area refers to some area that enables parking of Vehicles.
A Parking Area may contain sub-Parking Areas, the area of which may change.
A Parking Area has some Parking Policy
A Parking Area has some owner.
A Parking Area may provide car changing stations.
A Parking Area has some Location.
A Parking Area may be occupied by some Vehicle (however, it might also be occupied by some debris or activities such as construction).
There are different types (subclasses) of Parking Area, such as Street Parking Area, Lot Parking Area, Garage Parking Area, Illegal Parking Area, Loading/Unloading Zone Parking Area, Accessibility Parking Area
1
1
1
1
1
Parking areas may change over time. ParkingAreaPD captures the entire entity of a parking area, i.e. the parking area perdurant.
0
Added for organizational purposes, to identify all classes defined in the Parking ontology.
Future versions to possibly define this in greater detail, and look at payment methods in general.
Note that while classes of these payment cards may be defined in a representation of users, parking activities and transactions, the acceptable payment methods for some parking policy should be represented as individuals.
1
1
Some parking areas may offer services, such as valet parking or car wash.
In the future, this representation may be extended as required to include additional details such as the cost of the services, owner (if different than parking area owner), hours of operation, and so on.
1
1
1
1
1
A Person may have a unique identifier.
A Person has a date of birth, and may have a date of death.
A Person may be a member of a Family and/or a Household.
A Person has a mother and father, and may have a spouse and/or child(ren). Note that we define the parent relation as the legal relation as opposed to biological. This property may be specialized and restricted, for example hasBiologicalMother: exactly 1 Person.
A Person may have some Job and associated Income.
A Person may have access to some Vehicle.
A Person may have access to some Bicycle.
A Person may have some TransitPass.
A Person has an address of residence and may have other contact information such as E-mail, phone number, etcetera.
A Person has a Schedule for a given point (period) in time.
Note that some properties are not defined in the Person ontology, but in an extension of the Person ontology that captures the interaction between iCity domain ontologies (e.g. Persons and their Vehicles)
Added for organizational purposes, to identify classes defined in the Person ontology.
1
1
1
A Person changes over time, the entire entity of a Person is captured by the PersonPD ("person perdurant") class.
A Qualification captures some official degree of accomplishment. It may be required for something and/or possessed by some Person.
To be defined in greater detail in future versions. Likely to be defined in a separate ontology.
Added for organizational purposes, to capture the classes reused from Schema.org. Notice that since we cannot import schema.org we must manually reference the individual IRIs.
A Skill captures an ability to perfom some activity or set of activities.
To be defined in greater detail in future versions. Likely to be defined in a separate ontology.
1
A DailyRecurringEvent may occur at the same time, or different times every day. Therefore, it has at most one associated time – the start time. No associated time indicates that there is no commitment to a recurring start time for the event. A DailyEvent does not necessarily have the same endtime or duration, therefore these are not specified.
1
A MonthlyRecurringEvent recurs regularly on the same day of each month, as specified by the dayOfMonth data property. Note that there is often ambiguity regarding the semantics of a monthly recurring event: in this formalization, a MonthlyRecurringEvent is any event that recurs regularly on the same day of each month; other interpretations sometimes consider events that recur on the same day of week, or first or last day, in which case the day of month will vary.
Based on the data model defined in: http://www.vertabelo.com/blog/technical-articles/again-and-again-managing-recurring-events-in-a-data-model but is integrated into the general city ontology.
Recurring events are defined based on the regular interval at which they occur; this is captures using some combination of the hasTime, dayOfWeek, hasMonth, and dayOfMonth properties. Using these properties, ontology defines the following specizliations of the RecurringEvent class. Other subclasses may be defined similarly, as required.
Class added for organizational purposes only; to group all classes defined in the recurring-event ontology.
1
A WeeklyRecurringEvent recurs on the regularly on the same day of the week, as specified by the schema:dayOfWeek property.
1
1
A YearlyRecurringEvent recurs regularly on the same day of the same month, as specified by the hasMonth and dayOfMonth properties. As with MonthlyRecurringEvent, there may be ambiguity regarding the semantics of a yearly recurring event, however this formalization captures only the notion of an event that recurs on the same day of the same month (e.g. a birthday).
Created for organizational purposes, to identify the classes imported from geoSPARQL.
Added for organizational purposes, to capture the classes reused from Schema.org. Notice that since we cannot import schema.org we must manually reference the individual IRIs.
1
1
1
A Vehicle provides a motorized means of transportation within the urban system.
A Vehicle is associated with some Mode of transportation.
A Vehicle has a Vintage.
A Vehicle has a Manufacturer (make).
There are different types (subclasses) of vehicles: Motorcycle, Sedan, Truck, Bus, Commercial Cargo Vehicle, Train,...
A Vehicle has a capacity of passengers
A Vehicle has a capacity of cargo
A Vehicle may be occupied by at least one PersonAtT, and some cargo
A Vehicle has a Speed at some point in time
A Vehicle has a location at some point in time.
A Vehicle is owned by some Person(s) or Firm
Added for organizational purposes, to identify all classes defined in the Vehicle ontology.
1
1
A Vehicle changes over time. VehiclePD captures the entire entity of a vehicle, i.e. the "vehicle perdurant".
A goal represents some state or complex states, and allows for the representation of various groups' responsibilities.
Organization: A company or other sort of group of individuals in the urban system with some goal(s).
An Organization may own Property, including different types of Buildings.
An Organization may have an address.
An Organization has at least 2 members.
An Organization has some Goal(s); this represents some state or complex states, and allows for the representation of various groups' responsibilities.
Organization Agent: Members of an organization.
Organization Agents have goals, authority, and may be members of some team.
An Organization Agent plays a Role within the Organization.
Role: A Role has a single (possibly complex) Goal.
A Role has some authority, requires some skill, and may also have some associated processes.
North American Datum of 1983. A geodetic reference system.
World Geodetic System of 1984. The reference system used by GPS.
Mark S. Fox
http://eil.utoronto.ca
City of Toronto Integrated Subject and Service Ontology: Recurring Event Sub-Ontology