http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Megan Katsumi
An organization may be a company or other sort of group of individuals in the urban system with some goal(s).
An Organization may own Property, including different types of Buildings.
An Organization may have an address.
An Organization has at least 2 members.
An Organization has some Goal(s); this represents some state or complex states, and allows for the representation of various groups' responsibilities.
An Organization may be divided into Divisions.
November 29, 2016
iCity Organization Ontology
icity-org
http://ontology.eil.utoronto.ca/icity/Organization/
Developed as part of the overall iCity ontology effort, the iCity-Organization Ontology is designed to capture concepts related to organizations.
This ontology reuses the TOVE Organization ontology , as originally presented by (Fox, Barbuceanu, Gruninger, and Lin, 1998) with modifications to account for the difference in our representation of states, where a Goal is a subclass of StateType, and where Activities are enabled/caused by state types.
This modification also results in the removal of the StateEmpowerment class. Note that it is possible to introduce a similar concept if required, however this would likely take the form of a property that relates an organization agent to some state-types (where the states they are empowered to take an object to, and the object itself, are described by the state type).
Copyright @ 2016 Megan Katsumi, iCity Research Group
1.1
Under development. Please see report on iCity Ontology v1.
The WGS84 altitude of a SpatialThing (decimal meters
above the local reference ellipsoid).
altitude
The WGS84 latitude of a SpatialThing (decimal degrees).
latitude
The relation between something and the point,
or other geometrical thing in space, where it is. For example, the realtionship between
a radio tower and a Point with a given lat and long.
Or a relationship between a park and its outline as a closed arc of points, or a road and
its location as a arc (a sequence of points).
Clearly in practice there will be limit to the accuracy of any such statement, but one would expect
an accuracy appropriate for the size of the object and uses such as mapping .
location
The WGS84 longitude of a SpatialThing (decimal degrees).
longitude
Added for organizational purposes, to identify properties defined in the iCity-Organization ontology.
A goal g1 is said to depend on goal g2 if g1 can not be achieved unless g2 has been achieved previously.
The legal status of an organization is specified by a particular application and country/state/city dependent.
Defines that an OrganizationAgent is a member of an Organization and/or some type of work.
Links a Communication Link to a Role, and a Division to a Role.
Within the organization, there is usually a hierarchy of roles where one role is subordinate of another. For example, recruiting-officer is a subordinate of human-resource-manager, which in turn is a subordinate of president.
hasRawAddress is used to store a string version of the entire address.
1
1
Business Establishment: A Business establishment is a physical location where a Firm conducts business.
A Business Establishment has a Location and may have an address.
1
Businesses change over time. BusinessEstablishmentPD captures the entire entity of a particular business establishment's "process".
Employee: An Firm has some Employees, whom it employs for some Occupation.
An Employee is a type of Organization Agent.
An Employee may be employed at a particular Business Establishment.
An Employee may be responsible for one or more Roles within the Organization.
An Employee is employed by some Organization, unless the Person is self-employed.
An Employee has a Wage/Salary and may work at some Location (this may be the location of the Firm, an alternate Location, or a Location that is subject to change).
1
Firm: A Firm is a type of organization.
A Firm has an address and an industry type, and some Employees.
A Firm may have a Business Establishment(s).
1
Firms change over time. FirmPD captures the entire entity of a particular firm's "process".
Occupation: An Occupation is performed by some Person.
An Occupation has a type (e.g. sales, skilled trades)
Added for organizational purposes, to identify classes defined in the iCity-Organization ontology.
1
Organizations change over time. OrganizationPD captures the entire entity of a particular organization's "process".
1
1
Empowerment is the right of an oa to perform status changing actions, such as "commit", "enable", "suspend", etc. Empowerment naturally falls into two classes: state and activity empowerment.
The individuals of Action define the set of possible status changes. An Action is NOT an Activity.
An activity is the basic transformational action primitive with which processes and operations can be represented; it specifies how the world is changed. An enabling state defines what has to be true of the world in order for the activity to be performed. A caused state defines what is true of the world once the activity has been completed.
An activity, along with its enabling and caused states, is called an activity cluster.The state tree linked by an enables relation to an activity specifies what has to be true in order for the activity to be performed. The state tree linked to an activity by a causes relation defines what is true of the world once the activity has been completed. Intermediate states of an activity can be defined by elaborating the aggregate activity into an activity network.
Activity empowerment specifies the range of stati through which an oa may take an activity by performing the appropriate actions, such as execute and suspend. Even though an activity may be enabled, the oa whose role contains the process which contains the activity may not be empowered to start its execution.
forActivity: defines the Activity that the agent is being empowered for.
forAction: defines the action on the Activity the agent is being empowered for
And State
Adequate authority is needed for the role to achieve its goals. Authorities include the right of using resource, the right to perform activities, and the right to execute status changing actions.
Communication-links are established among organizational agents in various roles. Communication-links capture the notion of benevolent communication in which agents regard each other as peers volunteer information that they believe relevant to other agents. This exchange does not create obligations for any agent.
The communication-link is a unidirectional link used to communicate information from one agent to another. It describes, for an agent in a given organizational role, the information it is interested in receiving and the information it can benevolently distribute to others.
For example, an agent in the “C++ programmer” role may distribute information about the state of the file server to other programmers, alerting them each time the server is down.
Communication Link
A special kind of authority is the control relationship between two organizational agents. For OA1 to have authority over OA2 implies that OA1 is able to extract a commitment from OA2 to achieve a goal that is defined as part of OA2’s organization-roles. In order to extract that commitment, OA1 has to be related directly or indirectly by a communication-with-authority (CWA) link relation.
The Communication-with-Authority link, used when communication is intended to create obligations, specifies the two agents, one in the authority position (called supervisor) and the other in the controled position (called supervisee), among which communication takes place. Because we model communication as exchange of speech-acts, authority of an agent appears as the set of speech-acts this agent can use in order to create obligations for the other agent. For example, an agent may have authority to request another agent to perform action A1, but not to perform action A2. In this case, the second agent will have to commit to achieving A1 when requested by the first agent, but not A2.
Consume State
1
An organization consists of divisions and contains Roles.
Empowerment is the right of an oa to perform status changing actions, such as "commit", "enable", "suspend", etc. Empowerment naturally falls into two classes: state and activity empowerment.
"Enterprise"
For Profit Organization
A goal represents some state or complex states, and allows for the representation of various groups' responsibilities.
A goal is achieved if the state that it is linked to via a satisfiedBy property is true. A Goal achieved by the performance of a Process.
Goals can be ordered directly via the dependsOn property.
Government Organization
A non profit whose revenues are derived from donations and/or government grants. It does not receive revenues for the products nor services it provides.
Non Government Organization
An organization that delivers goods and services and whose revenues, if any, are invested back in the organization. No distribution to investors/shareholders, if any.
"Non Profit Organization"
Or State
1
1
1
Organization: A company or other sort of group of individuals in the urban system with some goal(s).
An Organization may own Property, including different types of Buildings.
An Organization may have an address.
An Organization has at least 2 members.
An Organization has some Goal(s); this represents some state or complex states, and allows for the representation of various groups' responsibilities.
An organization is a set of constraints on the activities performed by agents. An organization consists of a set of divisions and subdivisions (recursive definition), a set of organization-agents (said to be members of a division of the organization), a set of roles that the members play in the organization, and an organization-goal tree that specifies the goals (and their decomposition into subgoals) the members try to achieve.
The hasOwnership property takes as values individuals of Ownership.
Organization Agent: Members of an organization.
Organization Agents have goals, authority, and may be members of some team.
An Organization Agent plays a Role within the Organization.
An organization-agent (or in short agent) plays one or more roles. Each role is defined with a set of goals that the role is created to fulfill and is allocated with proper authority at the level that the role can achieve its goals. Agents perform activities in the organization, each of which may consume resource (e.g. materials, labors, tools, etc.) and there is a set of constraints that constrain the activities. An agent can also be a member of a team set up in response to a special task, has skill requirements, and has a set of communication-link defining the protocol that it communicates with other agents in the organization.
Communication-links are established among organizational agents in various roles. Communication-links capture the notion of benevolent communication in which agents regard each other as peers volunteer information that they believe relevant to other agents. This exchange does not create obligations for any agent.
The communication-link is a unidirectional link used to communicate information from one agent to another. It describes, for an agent in a given organizational role, the information it is interested in receiving and the information it can benevolently distribute to others.
Constraints on the performance of the role’s processes. These constraints are unique to the organization role.
A for profit organization whose shares are privately held and not available for sale to the public.
"Privately Held Organization"
Activity networks that have been defined to achieve the goals.
Produce State
A for profit organization that is publicly held, i.e., shares are registered and sold on the open market.
"Publicly Held Organization"
Release State
One or more resources may be allocated to a role for disposition under its authority.
Role: A Role has a single (possibly complex) Goal.
A Role has some authority, requires some skill, and may also have some associated processes.
A Role defines one or more prototypical job functions in an organization.
One or more skills required for the realization of a role.
An enabling state defines what has to be true of the world in order for the activity to be performed. A caused state defines what is true of the world once the activity has been completed.
An activity, along with its enabling and caused states, is called an activity cluster. The state tree linked by an enables relation to an activity specifies what has to be true in order for the activity to be performed. The state tree linked to an activity by a causes relation defines what is true of the world once the activity has been completed.
State empowerment specifies the range of stati through which an oa may take a state by performing the appropriate actions, such as commit. State empowerment not only specifies allowable status changes but may be used to restrict the set of resources an oa is empowered to commit to a use/consume state. An oa may be empowered for any type of resource, including other oas. The implication being the first oa may commit the second to a state.
forState: defines the state that the agent is being empowered for.
forAction: defines the action on the state the agent is being empowered for
Terminal State
Use State
$Date: 2009/04/20 15:00:30 $
A vocabulary for representing latitude, longitude and
altitude information in the WGS84 geodetic reference datum.
Version $Id: wgs84_pos.rdf,v 1.22 2009/04/20 15:00:30 timbl Exp $. See http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/ for more details.
WGS84 Geo Positioning: an RDF vocabulary
Recent changes to this namespace:
$Log: wgs84_pos.rdf,v $
Revision 1.22 2009/04/20 15:00:30 timbl
Remove the time bits which have been deal with elsewhere eg in iCal.
Revision 1.21 2009/04/20 12:52:47 timbl
try again
Revision 1.20 2009/04/20 12:42:11 timbl
Add Event (edited ages ago and never checked in), and location (following discussion http://chatlogs.planetrdf.com/swig/2009-04-20#T12-36-09)
Revision 1.19 2009/04/20 12:36:31 timbl
Add Event (edited ages ago and never checked in), and location (following discussion http://chatlogs.planetrdf.com/swig/2009-04-20#T12-36-09)
Revision 1.18 2006/02/01 22:01:04 danbri
Clarified that lat and long are decimal degrees, and that alt is decimal metres about local reference ellipsoid
Revision 1.17 2004/02/06 17:38:12 danbri
Fixed a bad commit screwup
Revision 1.15 2003/04/19 11:24:08 danbri
Fixed the typo even more.
Revision 1.14 2003/04/19 11:16:56 danbri
fixed a typo
Revision 1.13 2003/02/19 22:27:27 connolly
relaxed domain constraints on lat/long/alt from Point to SpatialThing
Revision 1.12 2003/01/12 01:41:41 danbri
Trying local copy of XSLT doc.
Revision 1.11 2003/01/12 01:20:18 danbri
added a link to morten's xslt rdfs viewer.
Revision 1.10 2003/01/11 18:56:49 danbri
Removed datatype range from lat and long properties, since they would
have required each occurance of the property to mention the datatype.
Revision 1.9 2003/01/11 11:41:31 danbri
Another typo; repaired rdfs:Property to rdf:Property x4
Revision 1.8 2003/01/11 11:05:02 danbri
Added an rdfs:range for each lat/long/alt property,
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float
Revision 1.7 2003/01/10 20:25:16 danbri
Longer rdfs:comment for Point, trying to be Earth-centric and neutral about
coordinate system(s) at the same time. Feedback welcomed.
Revision 1.6 2003/01/10 20:18:30 danbri
Added CVS log comments into the RDF/XML as an rdfs:comment property of the
vocabulary. Note that this is not common practice (but seems both harmless
and potentially useful).
revision 1.5
date: 2003/01/10 20:14:31; author: danbri; state: Exp; lines: +16 -5
Updated schema:
Added a dc:date, added url for more info. Changed the rdfs:label of the
namespace from gp to geo. Added a class Point, set as the rdfs:domain of
each property. Added XML comment on the lat_long property suggesting that
we might not need it (based on #rdfig commentary from implementors).
revision 1.4
date: 2003/01/10 20:01:07; author: danbri; state: Exp; lines: +6 -5
Fixed typo; several rdfs:about attributes are now rdf:about. Thanks to MortenF in
#rdfig for catching this error.
revision 1.3
date: 2003/01/10 11:59:03; author: danbri; state: Exp; lines: +4 -3
fixed buglet in vocab, added more wgs links
revision 1.2
date: 2003/01/10 11:01:11; author: danbri; state: Exp; lines: +4 -4
Removed alt from the as-a-flat-string property, and switched from
space separated to comma separated.
revision 1.1
date: 2003/01/10 10:53:23; author: danbri; state: Exp;
basic geo vocab
geo
A comma-separated representation of a latitude, longitude coordinate.
lat/long